Portal Hypertension Bimaljit S. Sandhu, MBBS, MD, DM, and Arun J. Sanyal, MBBS, MD Dr. Sandhu is an assistant professor, and Dr. Sanyal is chairman, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, VCU Medical Center, Richmond, VA. The questions below are based on the article “Portal Hypertension”. Choose the single best answer for each question.
	1. What is the minimum portal pressure required for esophagogastric varices to develop? 5 mm Hg 12 mm Hg 15 mm Hg 20 mm Hg Click here to compare your answer. 2. Which cells play an active role in modifying resistance to portal blood flow? Fibrous tissue Hepatic stellate cells Hepatocytes Kupffer cells Click here to compare your answer. 3. How often should patients with small esophagogastric varices be screened with endoscopy to look for growth of the varices? Once a year Every 2 years Every 3 years Every 5 years Click here to compare your answer. 4. What percentage of patients with cirrhosis who do not have varices at presentation will develop varices over the following year? 4%-10% 5%-15% 25%-35% 40%-50% Click here to compare your answer.		5. All of the following factors correlate well with risk of variceal bleeding EXCEPT Presence of red color signs identified during endoscopy High intravariceal pressure Hepatic venous pressure gradient exceeding 12 mm Hg Size of the varices Click here to compare your answer. 6. Which modality is most effective for primary prophylaxis of high-risk varices? ß-Blockers or endoscopic band ligation Transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunt Mesocaval shunt Liver transplant Click here to compare your answer. 7. A decrease in portal pressure below 12 mm Hg is observed in what percentage of patients receiving ß-blockers? 80%-100% 60%-80% 50%-60% Less than 50% Click here to compare your answer.
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